E-ISSN 2536-9520 | ISSN 1110-2047
 

Original Article 


Some Biochemical and Immunological Changes Associated with Use of Garlic Extract (Allicin) in Combating Some Fish Pathogens

Ryad H. Khalil, Hanaa M. El-Hofy, Manal M. Yehya, Khalid M. Selim.

Cited By: 1

Abstract
We studied the effects of garlic (allicin) which used as immunostimulant on some physiological, biochemical parameters, survival rate, histopathological studies and bacteriological characteristics of sea bream. Fish (50 ± 5 g/fish) were assigned to 3 treatments, with three replicates each. Treatment groups had a different level of allicin (Garlen®), (1 and 2 gm. /kg feed) added to their diets; the control group diet was free from garlic. Diets also contained 25% crude protein (CP) and were administered at a rate of 3% live body weight twice daily for 8 weeks. At the end of 7th week ten fish from each treatment group and from the control were artificially infected by intra peritoneal injection with 0.2 ml of culture suspension of pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus previously adjusted to 104.Results showed that the differential leucocytic count, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, serum lysozomal and bactericidal activity increased significantly with increasing levels of allicin. Plasma Cortisol level decreased significantly with increasing levels of allicin. Total protein and globulin were also increased significantly in the treated groups than the control group. All bacterial counts decreased significantly in treated groups than the control in all weeks. Treated groups had lower mortality rate than the control group during the challenge test. Histopathological studies of control group revealed congestion in blood vessel of gills, liver, spleen and kidney with, hyperplasia of epithelial cells between secondary lamellae led to fusion, edema and lifting of the lamellar epithelium of secondary lamellae in gills, vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, with infiltration by monocytes in liver, dilation of blood vessel, severe depletion of white bulb ,edema, and hyperactivation of melanomacrophage center in spleen ,necrosis of renal tubules epithelium, and inter renal haemopoietic tissues with atrophied glomerular tuft and widening of bowman capsules in kidney. Moderate to minimal histopathological changes appeared in all organs in groups received (Garlen®) according to its dose.

Key words: allicin, sea bream, bactericidal activity, Cortisol, histopathology.


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Ryad H. Khalil
Articles by Hanaa M. El-Hofy
Articles by Manal M. Yehya
Articles by Khalid M. Selim
on Google
on Google Scholar


REFERENCES
Adetumbi, M., Javor, G. T., Lau, B. H. 1986. Allium sativum (garlic) inhibits lipid synthesis by Candida albicans. Antimicrob. Agents Chem. 30: 499-501.
Amagase, H. and Milner, J. A. 1993. Impact of various sources of garlic and their constituents on 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene binding to mammary cell DNA. Carcinogen. 14: 1627-1631.
Ankri, S. and Mirelman, D. 1999.Antimicrobial properties of allicin from garlic. Microbes Infect. 1: 125-129.
APHA (American Public Health Association) 1992. Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of food. 3rd Ed., Academic Press, Washington., USA.
Augusti, K. T. 1977. Hypocholesterolaemic effect of garlic, Allium sativum, Linn. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 15:489-490.
Badran, A.F. 1990. The role of adjuvants in the immune response of the fish. Zag.Vet.Med.J. 18:126-136.
Balebona, M.C., Andreu M.J., Bordas M.A.,Zorrilla I., Morin˜igo M.A. & Borrego J.J.1998. Pathogenicity of Vibrio alginolyticus for cultured gilt-head seabream (Sparus auratus L)". Appl. and Environ. Microb. 64: 4269-4275.
Bjarnsholt, T., Jensen, P.O., Rasmussen, T.B., Christophersen, L., Givskov, M. 2005. Garlic blocks quorum sensing and promotes rapid clearing of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Microbial. 151: 3873-3880.
Block, E. 1985.The chemistry of garlic and onion. Sci. Am. 252: 114-119.
Block, E. 1992. The organ sulfur chemistry of the genus Allium implications for the organic chemistry of sulfur. Chem. Int. Ed., 31: 1135-1178.
Bordia, A.; Bansal, H. C. Arora, S. K. and Singh, S. V. 1975. Effect of essential oils of garlic and onion on alimentary hyperlipemia. Atherosclerosis 21:15-19. [DOI via Crossref]   
Coles, E.H. 1974. Vet.Clin.Path. PP.211-213. W.B. Sounders company, Philadelphia, London, Toronto.
Corzo-Martinez, M.; Corzo, N., Mar Villamiel. 2007. Biological properties of onions and garlic, Trends in Food Science Technol.18: 609-625.
Dalmo, R. A., Seljelid, R. 1995. The immunomodulatory effect of LPS, laminaran and sulphated laminaran [b (1, 3)-D-glucan] on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., macrophages in vitro. J. Fish Dis. 18:175-185. [DOI via Crossref]   
Diggles, Bk., Carson, J., Hine, Pm., Hickman, Rw. and Tait, Mj., 2000.Vibrio species associated with mortalities in hatchery-reared turbot Colistium nudipinnis and brill C. guntheri in New Zealand. Aqua. 183: 1: 1-12.
Domuas, B.T.; Bayso, D.D.; Carter, R.J.; Peters, T. and Schffer, R. 1981. Determination of total serum protein. Clin. Chem., 27: 1642-1643.
Ellsaesser, C.F. and Clem, L.W. 1986 a. Haematological and immunological changes in channel catfish stressed by handling and transport. J. Fish Biol. 28: 511-521.
Ellsaesser, C.F. and Clem, L.W. 1986 b. Haematological and immunological changes in channel catfish stressed by handling and transport. Dev.Comp. Imm.l. 10:149
Engstad, R. E.; Robertson, B. and Frivold, E. 1992. Yeast glucan induces increase in activity of lysozyme and complement mediated haemolytic activity in Atlantic salmon blood. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2: 287-297.
Evelyn, T.P.T. 2002. Finfish immunology and its use in preventing infectious diseases in cultured finfish. In: Dis. in Asian Aqua. IV, (C.R. Lavilla-Pitogo & E.R. Cruz-Lacierda ed.), pp. 303-324, Fish Health Section, Asi. Fis. Soc., Manila.
Fazlolahzadeh,F,Keramati,K.,Nazifi,S.,Shirian ,S.,Seifi,S 2011. Effect of garlic (Allium Sativum) on haematological parameters plasma activities of ALT and AST Rainbow, Trout in temperature stress. Aus. J. of Basic and Appl. Sci., 5(9):84-90
Fortunator, M.N. 1995. On the activity of the phytoncides from garlic in the human organism upon per oral administration. Farmakal- Toksikal, 18: 43-46.
Fromthing, R. A. and Bulmer, G. S. 1978. In vitro effect of aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum) on the growth and viability of Cryptococcus neoformans. Mycologia, 70: 397- 405.
Gilles, M.,Ahmed, B.,Ahmed, B., Micheline, G., Francoise, D., Noah, H., Akram, Al-Halnak, Hany, S., James, P.G., RenèJ., Jean, L.B., Philippe, B., Philippe, A.; Jean- Marie, V.; Andrè, P.; Hrvé, G. and Jean, F. 1997. Radioimmunoassay of cortisone in serum, urine, and saliva to assess the status of the cortisol-cortisone shuttle. Clin. Chem., 43:1397-1407.
Gomez-Leon, J.; Villamil, L.; Lemos, M.L.;Novoa, B. and Figueras, A. 2005.Isolation of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio splendidus from aquaculture carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) larvae associated with mass mortalities. Appl Env. Microb., 71: 98-104.
Han, J.; Lawson, L.; Han, G. and Han, P. 1995. A spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination on allicin and total garlic thiosulfnates. Anal. Biochem., 225: 157-160.
Harikrishnan R, Balasundaram C, Heo MS. 2011.Impact of plant products on innate and adaptive immune system of cultured finfish and shellfish. Aqua. 317: 1-15.
Hawak, P.P.; B.L. Oscar, and Summerson, W. 1965. Hawak,s physiological, chemistry. London J., and A. Churchill Ltd. 14th Ed.HEA Ireland (2002-2005).
Hussein, S.A. 1996. Electrophoretic pattern of serum protein and immunoglobulin level in chickens in relation of age. Banha Vet. Med. J., 7: 95-107.
Innes, W.T. 1966. Exotic aquarium fishes. 19th Ed.aquarium incorporated, New Jersey, USA.
Jun, L. I.; Zhou. L. & woo. N. Y. 2003.Invasion route and pathogenic Mechanism of V.alginolyticus to Silver Sea Bream Sparus sarba.J. Aqua. Anim. Health, 15: 302-313.
Kawahara,E.; Ueda, T. and Nomura, S. 1991. In vitro phagocytic activity of White spotted shark cells after injection with Aeromonas salmonivida extracellular products. Gyobyo Kenkyu, Japan, 26 (4): 213-214. [DOI via Crossref]   
Khalil, R. H. 2000. Streptococcosis as a cause of massive mortalities among Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). 9th Sci. Cong. Fac. Vet.Med., Assi. Univ., Egy.366-377.
Konjufca, V. H.; Pesti,G. M. and Bakalli, R. I. 1997. Modulation of cholesterol levels in broiler meat by dietary garlic and copper. Poultry Sci., 76: 1264-1271.
Korun, J. and Timur,G. 2009.Marine vibriosis associated with diseased sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Turkey. Jor. Fis. Sci., 2(1): 66-76.L.). J. Appl. Microbial., 84: 213-215.
kumar, M. and Berwal, J. S. 1998. Sensitivity of food pathogens to garlic (Allium sativum
L.)Appl. Microbial., 84:213-215
Kyo, I.H.1998. hybridisation.Volume. 8, Iss. 8, pp: 565-642
Lawson, L.D. 1996. The composition and chemistry of garlic cloves and processed garlic. In: Koch HP. Lawson LD. Eds. Garlic. The science and the therapeutic application of Allium sativum and related species. Baltimore: Williams& Wilkins, pp: 37-107.
Lied, E.; Gezerde, Z. and Braskhan, D.R. 1975. Simple and rapid technique for repeated blood sampling in Rainbow trout. J. of Fish res., 32 (5): 699-701.
Lindsay, G.J.H. 1986. The significance of chitin lytic enzymes and lysozyme in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) defense. Aquaculture, 51:169-73. [DOI via Crossref]   
Lucky, Z. 1977. Methods for the diagnosis of fish diseases. Ameruno Publishing Co, PVT, Ltd. New Delhi. Bomby, New York.
Martins, M.L.; Moraes, F.R.; Miyazaki, D.M.; Brum, C.D.; Onaka, E.M.; Fenerick, J.J. and Bozzo, F.R. 2002. Alternative treatment for Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) infection in cultivated Pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes: Characidae) in Brazil and its haematological effects. Para. 9: 175- 180.
Mesalhy, S.A.; Nashwa M.A.A. and Mohamed, M.F. 2008. Effect of garlic on the survival, growth, resistance and quality of Oreochromis niloticus 8th Inter. Symp. On Tilapia in Aqua.
Moraes, Fr. and Martins, Ml. 2004.Favourable conditions and principal teleost an diseases in intensive fish farming. In Cyrino, Jep., Urbinati, Ec., Fracaloaai, Dm. and Castagnolli, N. (Eds.). Especial topics in tropical intensive freshwater fish farming. São Paulo: Tec.Art. p. 343-383.
Morrison, Rn., Nowak, Bf. and Carson, J.,2001.The histopathological effects of a levamisole-adjuvant Vibrio anguillarum vaccine on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. Aqu., vol. 195, no. 1, p. 23-33
Ndong, D. and Fall, J. 2006. The effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on growth and immune responses of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aureus). Department of Aqua., College of Life Sci. National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung, Taiwan, 202, ROC.
Nya, E. J.; Dawood, Z. and Austin, B. 2010. The garlic component, allicin, prevents disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). J. of Fish Dis., 33(4): 293-300.
Nya, E.J. and Austin, B. 2009. Use of garlic, Allium sativum, to control Aeromonas hydrophila infections in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). J. of Fish Dis., 32: 963-970.
Oxoid Manual, 1982. Oxoid Manual. 5th Ed. Published by Oxoid limited Hampshire, England. Probiotics to prevent the vertebral column compression syndrome in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Aqua.Res.
Raa, J. 1996. The use of immunostimulatory substances in fish and shellfish farming. Rev. Fish Sci., 4: 229-288.
Rainger, S. C. and Rowley, J. 1993. Mutagenicity and alkylating activity of the aqueous chlorination products of humic acid and their molecular weight fractions,. Sci. Total Environ. 79: 69 - 83.
Reinhold, R.R. 1953. Determination of serum albumen. Clin.Chem. 21: 1370-1372.
Ress, L. P.; Minney, S. F.; Plummer, N. J.; Slatter, J. H. and Skyrme, D. A. 1993. A quantitative assessment of the antimicrobial activity of garlic (Allium sativum). World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 9: 303 - 307.
Robert, B., Moeller, Jr. 2012.Bacterial fish Diseases California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System University of California.
Rose, P.; Whiteman, M.P.K.; Moore and Zhu, Y. Z. 2005.Bioactive Salk (en) yl cysteine sulfoxide metabolites in the genus Allium: the chemistry of potential therapeutic agents. Natural Product Reports, 22:351-368. [DOI via Crossref]    [Pubmed]   
Roshan ,S.,Tazneem ,B.,Chanabellah, Ali Sadah,2010.Study the effect of Allium Sativum on various biochemical parameters on stress induced in albino rats Research J. of Pharm. and Pharm. Vol 2 issue 5 :335-339
Ruangroupan, L.; Kitao, T. and Yoshida, T. 1986. Protective efficacy of Aeromonas hydrophila vaccines in Nile tilapia. Vet. Imm. and Immunopath., 12 (1-4): 345-350.
SAS 1987. Statistical analysis system. Users Guide statistics. SAS Institute Cary, North Carolina.
Segner, H. and Juario, Jv. 1986.Histological observations on the rearing of milkfish, Chinos chinos, fry using different diets. J. of Appl. Ichth., vol. 4, p. 162-173.
Schalm, O.W. 1986. Veterinary hematology. 4th Ed., Lea and Fibiger, Philadelphia.
Sivam, G. P. 2001. Recent advances on the nutritional effects associated with the use of garlic as supplement. Am. Soc. Nutria. Sci., 1106 -8.
Soliman, M.K.1988a.Studies on Aeromonas hydrophila on some cultured freshwater fish "Oreochromis niloticus" Ph.D. Thesis, Avian and Aqua. Anima. Med., Fac.Of Vet. Med. Alex. Univ.
Soliman, M. K. 1988b. The pathogenesis of A.hydrophila isolates in fish with especial emphasis on their control. Ph.D. Thesis Fac.Med. Alex. Uni.
Sonia M, Jerry H, Charlie S, John M, Beth M, Vicki B. 2007.Fish Histology and Histopathology. USFWS-NCTC, Chapter 1 pp. 1-10.
Suetsuna, K. 1998.Isolation and characterization of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor dipeptides derived from Allium sativum (garlic). J. Nutria. Biochem. 9:415-419. [DOI via Crossref]   
Sumiyoshi, H. 1997. New pharmacological activities of garlic and its constituents (Review). Folia Pharm. Jap. 110 Suppl, 1:93 - 97. [DOI via Crossref]   
Tansey, M.R. and Appleton, J.A. 1975.Inhibition of fungal growth by garlic extract. Mycologia 6: 409-413.
Tripp, R.A.; Maule, A.G.; Schreck, C.B. and Kaattari, S.L.1987. Cortisol mediated suppression of salmonid lymphocyte responses in vitro. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 11:565-576. [DOI via Crossref]   
Tsao, S. and Yin, M. 2001. In vitro activity of garlic oil and four diallyl sulphides against antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. J. of Antimicrob. Chem., 47:665-670. [DOI via Crossref]   
Villamil, L., Figueras, A., Toranzo, Ae., Planas, M. and Novoa, B., 2003.Isolation of a highly pathogenic Vibrio Pelagius strain associated with mass mortalities of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.) larvae. J. of Fish Dis., vol. 26, 5, pp. 293-303.
Wang, B. H.; Zuel, K. A.; Rahaman, K. and Billington, D. 1998. Protective effects of aged garlic extract against bromobenzene toxicity to precision cut rat liver slices. Toxicol. 126: 213-222.
Wardlow, M. F. and P. B. Unlles 1978. Glycogen storage disease type X caused by Ochratoxin A in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci., 60: 120-123.
Weyrich, A.S. and Zimmerman, G.A.2004. Platelets signaling cells in the immune continuum. Trends in Immunology, 25: 489-495.

This Article Cited By the following articles

Protective effects of garlic extract against hematological alterations, immunosuppression, hepatic oxidative stress, and renal damage induced by cyclophosphamide in rats
Environ Sci Pollut Res 2019; 26(15): 15559.

1
 
How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Ryad H. Khalil, Hanaa M. El-Hofy, Manal M. Yehya , Khalid M. Selim. Some Biochemical and Immunological Changes Associated with Use of Garlic Extract (Allicin) in Combating Some Fish Pathogens. AJVS. 2014; 41(1): 1-18. doi:10.5455/ajvs.152049


Web Style

Ryad H. Khalil, Hanaa M. El-Hofy, Manal M. Yehya , Khalid M. Selim. Some Biochemical and Immunological Changes Associated with Use of Garlic Extract (Allicin) in Combating Some Fish Pathogens. https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=152049 [Access: February 27, 2023]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.152049


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ryad H. Khalil, Hanaa M. El-Hofy, Manal M. Yehya , Khalid M. Selim. Some Biochemical and Immunological Changes Associated with Use of Garlic Extract (Allicin) in Combating Some Fish Pathogens. AJVS. 2014; 41(1): 1-18. doi:10.5455/ajvs.152049



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ryad H. Khalil, Hanaa M. El-Hofy, Manal M. Yehya , Khalid M. Selim. Some Biochemical and Immunological Changes Associated with Use of Garlic Extract (Allicin) in Combating Some Fish Pathogens. AJVS. (2014), [cited February 27, 2023]; 41(1): 1-18. doi:10.5455/ajvs.152049



Harvard Style

Ryad H. Khalil, Hanaa M. El-Hofy, Manal M. Yehya , Khalid M. Selim (2014) Some Biochemical and Immunological Changes Associated with Use of Garlic Extract (Allicin) in Combating Some Fish Pathogens. AJVS, 41 (1), 1-18. doi:10.5455/ajvs.152049



Turabian Style

Ryad H. Khalil, Hanaa M. El-Hofy, Manal M. Yehya , Khalid M. Selim. 2014. Some Biochemical and Immunological Changes Associated with Use of Garlic Extract (Allicin) in Combating Some Fish Pathogens. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 41 (1), 1-18. doi:10.5455/ajvs.152049



Chicago Style

Ryad H. Khalil, Hanaa M. El-Hofy, Manal M. Yehya , Khalid M. Selim. "Some Biochemical and Immunological Changes Associated with Use of Garlic Extract (Allicin) in Combating Some Fish Pathogens." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 41 (2014), 1-18. doi:10.5455/ajvs.152049



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Ryad H. Khalil, Hanaa M. El-Hofy, Manal M. Yehya , Khalid M. Selim. "Some Biochemical and Immunological Changes Associated with Use of Garlic Extract (Allicin) in Combating Some Fish Pathogens." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 41.1 (2014), 1-18. Print. doi:10.5455/ajvs.152049



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Ryad H. Khalil, Hanaa M. El-Hofy, Manal M. Yehya , Khalid M. Selim (2014) Some Biochemical and Immunological Changes Associated with Use of Garlic Extract (Allicin) in Combating Some Fish Pathogens. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 41 (1), 1-18. doi:10.5455/ajvs.152049





Most Viewed Articles
  • Assessment of The Efficiency of Some Chemical Disinfectants Used in poultry Farms Against Coccidiosis
    Hamed Abdel tawab Samaha, Yasser Nasr Haggag, Mohammed Al sayed Nossair, Heba Mohammed Habib
    AJVS. 2013; 39(1): 82-90
    » Abstract & References

  • Physiological and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Freshwater Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., exposed to sublethal doses of cadmium
    Ahmed M. EL-Gazzar, Khalid E. Ashry, Yasser S. El-Sayed
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 29-43
    » Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.48333

  • Influence of Combined Administration of Turmeric and Black seed on Selected Biochemical Parameters of Diabetic Rats
    Sabry M. El-Bahr, Nabil M. Taha, Mahdy A. Korshom, Abd EL-Wahab A. Mandour, Mohamed A. Lebda
    AJVS. 2014; 41(1): 19-27
    » Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.154650

  • Molecular Characterization of Listeria Species Isolated from Frozen Fish
    Gaber S. Abdellrazeq, Ayman M. Kamar, Samya M. El-Houshy
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 1-15
    » Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.45443

  • Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Immune response and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chicks Fed on Graded Levels of Wheat Instead of Corn without or With Enzyme Supplementation
    Mohamed I. El-Katcha, Mosaad A. Soltan, Hany F. El-Kanwy, EL-syaed R. kawarie
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 95-111
    » Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.48232

  • Most Downloaded
  • Comparative Study of Cellular and Humoral Immune Response to BHV-1 Vaccines in Cattle and Buffalo Calves
    Fayrouz S. Naim; Samy A. Khalil and Helmy A. Torky
    AJVS. 2016; 51(2): 367-373
    » Abstract

  • Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Immune response and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chicks Fed on Graded Levels of Wheat Instead of Corn without or With Enzyme Supplementation
    Mohamed I. El-Katcha, Mosaad A. Soltan, Hany F. El-Kanwy, EL-syaed R. kawarie
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 95-111
    » Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.48232

  • Physiological and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Freshwater Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., exposed to sublethal doses of cadmium
    Ahmed M. EL-Gazzar, Khalid E. Ashry, Yasser S. El-Sayed
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 29-43
    » Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.48333

  • Using of Polypropylene Mesh for Hernioplasty in Calves
    Mostafa M. kassam, Mahmoud H. Elkammer, Ahmed S. Korittum, Ali A. Abdel-Wahed
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 112-117
    » Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.47290

  • Influence of Combined Administration of Turmeric and Black seed on Selected Biochemical Parameters of Diabetic Rats
    Sabry M. El-Bahr, Nabil M. Taha, Mahdy A. Korshom, Abd EL-Wahab A. Mandour, Mohamed A. Lebda
    AJVS. 2014; 41(1): 19-27
    » Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.154650

  • Most Cited Articles
  • Effect of Dietary Replacement of Inorganic Zinc by Organic or Nanoparticles Sources on Growth Performance, Immune Response and Intestinal Histopathology of Broiler Chicken
    Mohamed El-Katcha, Mosad A. Soltan, M. El-badry
    AJVS. 2017; 55(2): 129-145
    » Abstract » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.266925
    Cited : 16 times [Click to see citing articles]

  • Physiological and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Freshwater Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., exposed to sublethal doses of cadmium
    Ahmed M. EL-Gazzar, Khalid E. Ashry, Yasser S. El-Sayed
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 29-43
    » Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.48333
    Cited : 12 times [Click to see citing articles]

  • Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Immune response and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chicks Fed on Graded Levels of Wheat Instead of Corn without or With Enzyme Supplementation
    Mohamed I. El-Katcha, Mosaad A. Soltan, Hany F. El-Kanwy, EL-syaed R. kawarie
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 95-111
    » Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.48232
    Cited : 9 times [Click to see citing articles]

  • Molecular Characterization, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Salt Tolerance of Aeromonas hydrophila from Fresh, Brackish and Marine fishes
    Basma Dahdouh, Ola Basha, Samy Khalil, Mahmoud Tanekhy
    AJVS. 2016; 48(2): 46-53
    » Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.208107
    Cited : 9 times [Click to see citing articles]

  • Detection of Molecular Characterization of Salmonella enterica isolated from Chicken Meat and Its Products by Using Multiplex PCR
    Heba S. Amin and Abd El-Rahman A. Abd El-Rahman
    AJVS. 2015; 46(1): 155-160
    » Abstract & References » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.196302
    Cited : 7 times [Click to see citing articles]