E-ISSN 2536-9520 | ISSN 1110-2047
 
2026, Vol: 88
88Current Volume Online First Archive Aims and Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles Most Cited Articles

Original Article
Online Published: 03 Nov 2025
 


Characterization of the Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (CALT) in The Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Sarah Gaber, Amira Derbalah, Samar Ez Elarab, Mohamed Zidan.


Abstract
CALT plays an essential role in ocular and systemic immunity, it was investigated in different species but not yet in the buffalo. Therefore, fresh eyes with their eyelids were collected from 7 clinically healthy adult buffaloes (2-5 years) and investigated using histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques. The CALT was formed from lymphoid nodules and internodular diffused lymphocytes and some plasma cells localized in the lamina propria. The CALT was associated with high endothelial venules and lymphatics. The lymphoid nodules contain follicular dendritic cells among the lymphocytes. CALT-associated epithelium was free from goblet cells and rich in M cells. Intraepithelial lymphocytes were frequently observed forming lymphoepithelium. CD3 positive T lymphocytes were observed in the CALT-associated epithelium, within the germinal centre and mantle zone. They were also found in the internodular areas and within lymphatics. The current findings indicate the possible active immunological role of CALT represented in sampling of antigen by M cells, recognition of antigen by dendritic cells and lymphocytes and finally initiation of immune reaction. All this is supported by lymphocyte recirculation through the high endothelial venules and lymphatics.

Key words: CALT, M cells, Conjunctiva, Eye, Buffalo.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Gaber S, Derbalah A, Elarab SE, Zidan M. Characterization of the Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (CALT) in The Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). AJVS. 2026; 88(0): 1-12. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286955

Web Style

Gaber S, Derbalah A, Elarab SE, Zidan M. Characterization of the Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (CALT) in The Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=286955 [Access: February 04, 2026]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286955

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Gaber S, Derbalah A, Elarab SE, Zidan M. Characterization of the Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (CALT) in The Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). AJVS. 2026; 88(0): 1-12. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286955


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Gaber S, Derbalah A, Elarab SE, Zidan M. Characterization of the Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (CALT) in The Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). AJVS. (2026), [cited February 04, 2026]; 88(0): 1-12. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286955


Harvard Style

Gaber, S., Derbalah, . A., Elarab, . S. E. & Zidan, . M. (2026) Characterization of the Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (CALT) in The Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). AJVS, 88 (0), 1-12. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286955


Turabian Style

Gaber, Sarah, Amira Derbalah, Samar Ez Elarab, and Mohamed Zidan. 2026. Characterization of the Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (CALT) in The Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 88 (0), 1-12. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286955


Chicago Style

Gaber, Sarah, Amira Derbalah, Samar Ez Elarab, and Mohamed Zidan. "Characterization of the Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (CALT) in The Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 88 (2026), 1-12. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286955


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Gaber, Sarah, Amira Derbalah, Samar Ez Elarab, and Mohamed Zidan. "Characterization of the Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (CALT) in The Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 88.0 (2026), 1-12. Print. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286955


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Gaber, S., Derbalah, . A., Elarab, . S. E. & Zidan, . M. (2026) Characterization of the Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (CALT) in The Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 88 (0), 1-12. doi:10.5455/ajvs.286955




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    About Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences

    The Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences (AJVS) Official Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University   ISSN: 1110-204 ... Read more.



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    Alexandria University
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    Egypt.

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