E-ISSN 2536-9520 | ISSN 1110-2047
 
2026, Vol: 88
88Current Volume Online First Archive Aims and Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles Most Cited Articles

Original Article 


Field Evaluation of Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Approaches for Restoring Ovarian Activity in Lactating Holstein Cows with Smooth Inactive Ovaries

Aya M. Elshamy, Fekry M. Hussein, Kamal K. Metwally.


Abstract
Smooth inactive ovaries (SIO) represent one of the main reproductive disorders limiting fertility in dairy cattle, leading to prolonged calving intervals and major economic losses. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of different hormonal and non-hormonal treatment regimens in reactivating ovarian function in lactating Holstein cows diagnosed with SIO. Eighty multiparous cows that failed to display estrus for 2–12 months postpartum were clinically examined and confirmed to have inactive ovaries and poorly toned uteri. Animals were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 20). Group 1 received a CIDR device combined with PGF₂α; Group 2 was treated with the Ovsynch (GPG) protocol; Group 3 received manual ovarian massage along with Tonophosphan and sodium dibasic phosphate; and Group 4 served as untreated controls. Estrus detection and AI were performed, with pregnancy confirmed 45 days post-insemination. The CIDR protocol produced the highest estrus response (80%) and total conception rate (75%). The GPG protocol yielded moderate results (60% response; 50% conception), whereas ovarian massage with mineral supplementation produced limited improvement (45% response; 25% conception). Control cows showed minimal reproductive recovery. These findings demonstrate that progesterone-based therapy is the most effective strategy for treating SIO and improving fertility outcomes.

Key words: dairy cows, smooth inactive ovaries, CIDR, Ovsynch, fertility, reproductive management


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Elshamy AM, Hussein FM, Metwally KK. Field Evaluation of Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Approaches for Restoring Ovarian Activity in Lactating Holstein Cows with Smooth Inactive Ovaries. AJVS. 2026; 88(0): 229-234. doi:10.5455/ajvs.302880

Web Style

Elshamy AM, Hussein FM, Metwally KK. Field Evaluation of Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Approaches for Restoring Ovarian Activity in Lactating Holstein Cows with Smooth Inactive Ovaries. https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=302880 [Access: February 04, 2026]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.302880

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Elshamy AM, Hussein FM, Metwally KK. Field Evaluation of Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Approaches for Restoring Ovarian Activity in Lactating Holstein Cows with Smooth Inactive Ovaries. AJVS. 2026; 88(0): 229-234. doi:10.5455/ajvs.302880


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Elshamy AM, Hussein FM, Metwally KK. Field Evaluation of Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Approaches for Restoring Ovarian Activity in Lactating Holstein Cows with Smooth Inactive Ovaries. AJVS. (2026), [cited February 04, 2026]; 88(0): 229-234. doi:10.5455/ajvs.302880


Harvard Style

Elshamy, A. M., Hussein, . F. M. & Metwally, . K. K. (2026) Field Evaluation of Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Approaches for Restoring Ovarian Activity in Lactating Holstein Cows with Smooth Inactive Ovaries. AJVS, 88 (0), 229-234. doi:10.5455/ajvs.302880


Turabian Style

Elshamy, Aya M., Fekry M. Hussein, and Kamal K. Metwally. 2026. Field Evaluation of Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Approaches for Restoring Ovarian Activity in Lactating Holstein Cows with Smooth Inactive Ovaries. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 88 (0), 229-234. doi:10.5455/ajvs.302880


Chicago Style

Elshamy, Aya M., Fekry M. Hussein, and Kamal K. Metwally. "Field Evaluation of Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Approaches for Restoring Ovarian Activity in Lactating Holstein Cows with Smooth Inactive Ovaries." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 88 (2026), 229-234. doi:10.5455/ajvs.302880


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Elshamy, Aya M., Fekry M. Hussein, and Kamal K. Metwally. "Field Evaluation of Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Approaches for Restoring Ovarian Activity in Lactating Holstein Cows with Smooth Inactive Ovaries." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 88.0 (2026), 229-234. Print. doi:10.5455/ajvs.302880


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Elshamy, A. M., Hussein, . F. M. & Metwally, . K. K. (2026) Field Evaluation of Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Approaches for Restoring Ovarian Activity in Lactating Holstein Cows with Smooth Inactive Ovaries. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 88 (0), 229-234. doi:10.5455/ajvs.302880




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    About Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences

    The Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences (AJVS) Official Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University   ISSN: 1110-204 ... Read more.



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    Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
    Alexandria University
    P.O.: 21944
    Abees 10th district, Alexandria
    Egypt.

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