E-ISSN 2536-9520 | ISSN 1110-2047
 
2026, Vol: 90
90Current Volume Online First Archive Aims and Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles Most Cited Articles

Original Article
Online Published: 05 Jun 2026
 


Optimizing The Modality of B-mode Ultrasound Linear Transducer for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Garut Ewe: Comparative Analysis Transrectal and Transabdominal Imaging Methods

Nur A.m. Letfee, Adelaide J.p. Cristovao, Nolasco D. Costa, Deni Noviana, Jakaria, Chaerul Basri, Mokhamad F. Ulum.


Abstract
Optimizing the capabilities of a B-mode linear ultrasound transducer used by veterinary practitioners for pregnancy diagnosis in Garut ewes is crucial to enhance reproductive efficiency in sheep farming. This study used a linear transducer to compare the effectiveness and practical aspects of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS) in pregnancy diagnosis in sheep. Eighty Garut ewes were used in this study, and both US methods were performed for each ewe on random days during gestation. The overall pregnancy rate was 83.75%, distributed across the early (28.4%), mid (35.8%), and late (35.8%) trimesters. The visibility of fetal structures and the agreement between methods for specific parameters were assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Cochran test, and Cohen’s kappa. Overall, TRUS showed consistent success rates (100%) across all stages, while TAUS exhibited a low success rate (10.5%) in early pregnancy but improved success rates in the mid (83.3%) and late (95.8%) stages. A statistically significant difference was found (P = 0.000) at the early stage, suggesting that TAUS is ineffective. Although no significant difference was found (P > 0.050) in the mid- and late stages, indicating that both methods could be used, the Cochran test revealed a significant difference (P = 0.046) among the methods, but less pronounced. The agreement between TRUS and TAUS for most fetal parameters was low to moderate. No strong agreement was found, suggesting that no specific fetal parameters could be used for pregnancy diagnosis. Other factors, such as fetal development and operator experience, may also influence visualization. In conclusion, a single B-mode linear transducer can be optimized for both TRUS and TAUS in pregnancy diagnosis of Garut ewes, with TRUS remaining the most reliable approach for early gestation and TAUS becoming more applicable during mid- to late gestation.

Key words: pregnancy diagnosis, sheep, transabdominal, transrectal, ultrasonography


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Nur A.M. Letfee
Articles by Adelaide J.P. Cristovao
Articles by Nolasco D. Costa
Articles by Deni Noviana
Articles by Jakaria
Articles by Chaerul Basri
Articles by Mokhamad F. Ulum
on Google
on Google Scholar


How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Letfee NA, Cristovao AJ, Costa ND, Noviana D, Jakaria , Basri C, Ulum MF. Optimizing The Modality of B-mode Ultrasound Linear Transducer for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Garut Ewe: Comparative Analysis Transrectal and Transabdominal Imaging Methods. AJVS. 2026; 90(0): 238-246. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311291

Web Style

Letfee NA, Cristovao AJ, Costa ND, Noviana D, Jakaria , Basri C, Ulum MF. Optimizing The Modality of B-mode Ultrasound Linear Transducer for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Garut Ewe: Comparative Analysis Transrectal and Transabdominal Imaging Methods. https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=311291 [Access: July 27, 2026]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311291

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Letfee NA, Cristovao AJ, Costa ND, Noviana D, Jakaria , Basri C, Ulum MF. Optimizing The Modality of B-mode Ultrasound Linear Transducer for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Garut Ewe: Comparative Analysis Transrectal and Transabdominal Imaging Methods. AJVS. 2026; 90(0): 238-246. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311291


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Letfee NA, Cristovao AJ, Costa ND, Noviana D, Jakaria , Basri C, Ulum MF. Optimizing The Modality of B-mode Ultrasound Linear Transducer for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Garut Ewe: Comparative Analysis Transrectal and Transabdominal Imaging Methods. AJVS. (2026), [cited July 27, 2026]; 90(0): 238-246. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311291


Harvard Style

Letfee, N. A., Cristovao, . A. J., Costa, . N. D., Noviana, . D., Jakaria, ., Basri, . C. & Ulum, . M. F. (2026) Optimizing The Modality of B-mode Ultrasound Linear Transducer for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Garut Ewe: Comparative Analysis Transrectal and Transabdominal Imaging Methods. AJVS, 90 (0), 238-246. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311291


Turabian Style

Letfee, Nur A.m., Adelaide J.p. Cristovao, Nolasco D. Costa, Deni Noviana, Jakaria, Chaerul Basri, and Mokhamad F. Ulum. 2026. Optimizing The Modality of B-mode Ultrasound Linear Transducer for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Garut Ewe: Comparative Analysis Transrectal and Transabdominal Imaging Methods. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 90 (0), 238-246. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311291


Chicago Style

Letfee, Nur A.m., Adelaide J.p. Cristovao, Nolasco D. Costa, Deni Noviana, Jakaria, Chaerul Basri, and Mokhamad F. Ulum. "Optimizing The Modality of B-mode Ultrasound Linear Transducer for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Garut Ewe: Comparative Analysis Transrectal and Transabdominal Imaging Methods." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 90 (2026), 238-246. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311291


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Letfee, Nur A.m., Adelaide J.p. Cristovao, Nolasco D. Costa, Deni Noviana, Jakaria, Chaerul Basri, and Mokhamad F. Ulum. "Optimizing The Modality of B-mode Ultrasound Linear Transducer for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Garut Ewe: Comparative Analysis Transrectal and Transabdominal Imaging Methods." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 90.0 (2026), 238-246. Print. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311291


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Letfee, N. A., Cristovao, . A. J., Costa, . N. D., Noviana, . D., Jakaria, ., Basri, . C. & Ulum, . M. F. (2026) Optimizing The Modality of B-mode Ultrasound Linear Transducer for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Garut Ewe: Comparative Analysis Transrectal and Transabdominal Imaging Methods. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 90 (0), 238-246. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311291




Most Viewed Articles
Most Accessed Articles

  • Assessment of The Efficiency of Some Chemical Disinfectants Used in poultry Farms Against Coccidiosis
    Hamed Abdel tawab Samaha, Yasser Nasr Haggag, Mohammed Al sayed Nossair, Heba Mohammed Habib
    AJVS. 2013; 39(1): 82-90
    » Abstract

  • Physiological and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Freshwater Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., exposed to sublethal doses of cadmium
    Ahmed M. EL-Gazzar, Khalid E. Ashry, Yasser S. El-Sayed
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 29-43
    » Abstract » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.48333

  • Influence of Combined Administration of Turmeric and Black seed on Selected Biochemical Parameters of Diabetic Rats
    Sabry M. El-Bahr, Nabil M. Taha, Mahdy A. Korshom, Abd EL-Wahab A. Mandour, Mohamed A. Lebda
    AJVS. 2014; 41(1): 19-27
    » Abstract » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.154650

  • Molecular Characterization of Listeria Species Isolated from Frozen Fish
    Gaber S. Abdellrazeq, Ayman M. Kamar, Samya M. El-Houshy
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 1-15
    » Abstract » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.45443

  • Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Immune response and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chicks Fed on Graded Levels of Wheat Instead of Corn without or With Enzyme Supplementation
    Mohamed I. El-Katcha, Mosaad A. Soltan, Hany F. El-Kanwy, EL-syaed R. kawarie
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 95-111
    » Abstract » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.48232

    •
    Most Downloaded
    Top Downloaded Articles

  • Comparative Study of Cellular and Humoral Immune Response to BHV-1 Vaccines in Cattle and Buffalo Calves
    Fayrouz S. Naim; Samy A. Khalil and Helmy A. Torky
    AJVS. 2016; 51(2): 367-373
    » Abstract

  • Effect of Excess Fluoride on Reproductive Potentials in Farm Animals (Ovine)
    Ghada H. Abdel-Rahman, Hanaa A. El-Hallawany, Dohreig RA.
    AJVS. 2018; 57(2): 41-57
    » Abstract » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.296364

  • Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Immune response and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chicks Fed on Graded Levels of Wheat Instead of Corn without or With Enzyme Supplementation
    Mohamed I. El-Katcha, Mosaad A. Soltan, Hany F. El-Kanwy, EL-syaed R. kawarie
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 95-111
    » Abstract » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.48232

  • Physiological and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Freshwater Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., exposed to sublethal doses of cadmium
    Ahmed M. EL-Gazzar, Khalid E. Ashry, Yasser S. El-Sayed
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 29-43
    » Abstract » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.48333

  • Using of Polypropylene Mesh for Hernioplasty in Calves
    Mostafa M. kassam, Mahmoud H. Elkammer, Ahmed S. Korittum, Ali A. Abdel-Wahed
    AJVS. 2014; 40(1): 112-117
    » Abstract » doi: 10.5455/ajvs.47290

    •

    About Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences

    The Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences (AJVS) Official Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University   ISSN: 1110-204 ... Read more.



    For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.

    Contact Information

    Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
    Alexandria University
    P.O.: 21944
    Abees 10th district, Alexandria
    Egypt.

    email: ajvs@alexu.edu.eg
    POLICIES & JOURNAL LINKS
    Author Login
    Reviewer Login
    Author LoginReviewer LoginAbout PublisherEditorial PoliciesEditorial Review PolicyPeer Review PolicyEditorial & Peer Review ProcessAuthor's Rights and ObligationsPublication Ethics and Publication Malpractice StatementConflict of Interest PolicyPlagiarism PolicyProtection of Research Participants (Statement On Human And Animal Rights)Privacy PolicyDigital Archiving & Preservation PoliciesStatement of Informed ConsentAdvertising PolicyTerms of UseLicense InformationCopyright Information