E-ISSN 2536-9520 | ISSN 1110-2047
 
2026, Vol: 90
90Current Volume Online First Archive Aims and Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles Most Cited Articles

Original Article
Online Published: 01 May 2026
 


Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies

Esraa H. Allam, Mohamed M. Elsenduony, Maha E. Omran, Walaa A. Alshareef.


Abstract
This study started in February 2022 for two years; swab and water samples were collected from air conditioners. Identification was subsequently confirmed through 16S rRNA sequencing. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed on the isolated strains. Then determine the ability of these isolates for biofilm formation then the ability of some natural products to decrease their presence. In the analysis of 600 samples, four (0.7%) tested positive for Legionella spp. Strains of L. pneumophila displayed sensitivity to meropenem, levofloxacin, clarithromycin, doxycycline and erythromycin and the result of MIC were between 0.01: 0.04 μg/ml, 0.06: 0.5 μg/ml, 0.03: 0.25 μg/ ml, 0.03: 0.67 μg/ ml, 0.13:1 μg/ ml, respectively also, they were able to form strong biofilm. The natural products like clove, lemon grass and rosemary oil have a strong antibacterial effect against L. pneumophila with MIC range 0.78%-1.56%vv, 0.2%-0.78% vv and 0.39%-6.25% vv respectively. The addition of EOs at sub-MIC concentrations to media resulted in a reduction of existing biofilms by a rate of more than 99%. The presence of pathogenic and potentially lethal L. pneumophila infections can be linked to air conditioning systems. Continuous monitoring of these appliances and using natural products are essential to prevent the proliferation of this bacterium and associated health risks.

Key words: Legionella pneumophila, MIC, Biofilm, Natural products, Anti biofilm.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Allam EH, Elsenduony MM, Omran ME, Alshareef WA. Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies. AJVS. 2026; 90(0): 40-50. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427

Web Style

Allam EH, Elsenduony MM, Omran ME, Alshareef WA. Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies. https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=311427 [Access: July 27, 2026]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Allam EH, Elsenduony MM, Omran ME, Alshareef WA. Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies. AJVS. 2026; 90(0): 40-50. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Allam EH, Elsenduony MM, Omran ME, Alshareef WA. Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies. AJVS. (2026), [cited July 27, 2026]; 90(0): 40-50. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427


Harvard Style

Allam, E. H., Elsenduony, . M. M., Omran, . M. E. & Alshareef, . W. A. (2026) Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies. AJVS, 90 (0), 40-50. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427


Turabian Style

Allam, Esraa H., Mohamed M. Elsenduony, Maha E. Omran, and Walaa A. Alshareef. 2026. Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 90 (0), 40-50. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427


Chicago Style

Allam, Esraa H., Mohamed M. Elsenduony, Maha E. Omran, and Walaa A. Alshareef. "Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 90 (2026), 40-50. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Allam, Esraa H., Mohamed M. Elsenduony, Maha E. Omran, and Walaa A. Alshareef. "Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 90.0 (2026), 40-50. Print. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Allam, E. H., Elsenduony, . M. M., Omran, . M. E. & Alshareef, . W. A. (2026) Anti-biofilm Potential of Natural Oils against Legionella spp.: Insights into Prevention and Control Strategies. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 90 (0), 40-50. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311427




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    The Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences (AJVS) Official Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University   ISSN: 1110-204 ... Read more.



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    Abees 10th district, Alexandria
    Egypt.

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