E-ISSN 2536-9520 | ISSN 1110-2047
 
2026, Vol: 91
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Original Article
Online Published: 22 Sep 2026
 


Exploring PCR-Based Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Virulence Genes among Animals and Humans in North-West Egypt: Insights into Zoonotic Transmission

Ibrahim M. Rabah, Mohammad A. Nossair, Eman Khalifa, Hassan A. M. Samaha, Mohamed M. Elkamshishi, Ahmed A. Saleh, Elsayed E. Hafez.


Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a widespread infection, affecting over half of the global population. H. pylori in the host can lead to the development of various pathological changes due to the production of virulence genes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in farm animals, pets, and humans in Matrouh Province, North-West Egypt, using the 16S rRNA PCR assay. 350 stool samples were randomly collected from camels, sheep, pet animals and humans in the study area. Statistical analysis, including prevalence rate and IBM SPSS Statistics 25, was utilized for data analysis. The overall PCR-based prevalence of H. pylori infection in the study population was determined as 30%. Genotyping using virulence markers proved to be valuable for examining the correlations between H. pylori isolates from different animal samples within the same farm. The highest detection rates of H. pylori virulent genes were observed in the Helicobacter genus-specific 16S rRNA gene, with rates of 10%, 44%, 22%, and 40% in sheep, dogs, camels, and humans, respectively. Furthermore, the detection rates of the vacA and cagA genes were lower compared to the glmM gene. The genetic similarity among the isolates was evaluated by conducting partial glmM gene sequence analysis on three H. pylori-positive samples from three distinct animals. The analysis showed closely similar query lengths, ranging from 299 to 302 base pairs (bp), using the BLASTn search tool at NCBI. Specifically, the nucleotide sequence length of the glmM gene was identical (299 bp) in both camels and sheep. In conclusion, the significant prevalence of distinct H. pylori genotypes, exhibiting similar profiles in both animals and humans, highlights the zoonotic potential and possibility of transmission routes between the two.

Key words: Helicobacter pylori, Animals, Human, Prevalence, 16S rRNA PCR, Genotyping, Sequencing, Zoonosis


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Rabah IM, Nossair MA, Khalifa E, Samaha HAM, Elkamshishi MM, Saleh AA, Hafez EE. Exploring PCR-Based Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Virulence Genes among Animals and Humans in North-West Egypt: Insights into Zoonotic Transmission. AJVS. 2026; 91(0): 350-364. doi:10.5455/ajvs.324410

Web Style

Rabah IM, Nossair MA, Khalifa E, Samaha HAM, Elkamshishi MM, Saleh AA, Hafez EE. Exploring PCR-Based Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Virulence Genes among Animals and Humans in North-West Egypt: Insights into Zoonotic Transmission. https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=324410 [Access: October 18, 2026]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.324410

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Rabah IM, Nossair MA, Khalifa E, Samaha HAM, Elkamshishi MM, Saleh AA, Hafez EE. Exploring PCR-Based Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Virulence Genes among Animals and Humans in North-West Egypt: Insights into Zoonotic Transmission. AJVS. 2026; 91(0): 350-364. doi:10.5455/ajvs.324410


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Rabah IM, Nossair MA, Khalifa E, Samaha HAM, Elkamshishi MM, Saleh AA, Hafez EE. Exploring PCR-Based Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Virulence Genes among Animals and Humans in North-West Egypt: Insights into Zoonotic Transmission. AJVS. (2026), [cited October 18, 2026]; 91(0): 350-364. doi:10.5455/ajvs.324410


Harvard Style

Rabah, I. M., Nossair, . M. A., Khalifa, . E., Samaha, . H. A. M., Elkamshishi, . M. M., Saleh, . A. A. & Hafez, . E. E. (2026) Exploring PCR-Based Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Virulence Genes among Animals and Humans in North-West Egypt: Insights into Zoonotic Transmission. AJVS, 91 (0), 350-364. doi:10.5455/ajvs.324410


Turabian Style

Rabah, Ibrahim M., Mohammad A. Nossair, Eman Khalifa, Hassan A. M. Samaha, Mohamed M. Elkamshishi, Ahmed A. Saleh, and Elsayed E. Hafez. 2026. Exploring PCR-Based Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Virulence Genes among Animals and Humans in North-West Egypt: Insights into Zoonotic Transmission. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 91 (0), 350-364. doi:10.5455/ajvs.324410


Chicago Style

Rabah, Ibrahim M., Mohammad A. Nossair, Eman Khalifa, Hassan A. M. Samaha, Mohamed M. Elkamshishi, Ahmed A. Saleh, and Elsayed E. Hafez. "Exploring PCR-Based Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Virulence Genes among Animals and Humans in North-West Egypt: Insights into Zoonotic Transmission." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 91 (2026), 350-364. doi:10.5455/ajvs.324410


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Rabah, Ibrahim M., Mohammad A. Nossair, Eman Khalifa, Hassan A. M. Samaha, Mohamed M. Elkamshishi, Ahmed A. Saleh, and Elsayed E. Hafez. "Exploring PCR-Based Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Virulence Genes among Animals and Humans in North-West Egypt: Insights into Zoonotic Transmission." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 91.0 (2026), 350-364. Print. doi:10.5455/ajvs.324410


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Rabah, I. M., Nossair, . M. A., Khalifa, . E., Samaha, . H. A. M., Elkamshishi, . M. M., Saleh, . A. A. & Hafez, . E. E. (2026) Exploring PCR-Based Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Virulence Genes among Animals and Humans in North-West Egypt: Insights into Zoonotic Transmission. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 91 (0), 350-364. doi:10.5455/ajvs.324410




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    About Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences

    The Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences (AJVS) Official Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University   ISSN: 1110-204 ... Read more.



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    Abees 10th district, Alexandria
    Egypt.

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