Abstract
Background: Wound healing is impaired in diabetes mellitus due to chronic oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and inadequate tissue regeneration. Hibiscus sabdariffa contains potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals but has low bioavailability. The stability and dermal penetration of these bioactive compounds may be enhanced by nano-phytosomal delivery systems. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is used as a carrier of growth factors that stimulate tissue regeneration. Objective: This study investigated the synergistic therapeutic efficacy of Nano-Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) phytosome combined with PRP on diabetic wound healing using biochemical, inflammatory and wound contraction in an experimental rat model. Methods: Forty-two adult female albino rats were randomly allocated into seven groups (n = 6), including normal and diabetic controls, crude Rosella extract, Nano-Rosella phytosome, PRP, PRP plus crude extract, and PRP plus Nano-Rosella phytosome. Diabetes was induced using alloxan monohydrate, followed by the creation of standardized full-thickness excisional wounds. Wound closure was monitored on days 0, 4, 9, and 17. Antioxidant biomarkers (CAT, SOD, GSH, and MDA) and inflammatory mediators (NO, TNF-α, and IL-6) changes were evaluated. Results: The combined Nano-Rosella phytosome and PRP treatment produced the greatest therapeutic improvement among all experimental groups. On day 17, wound closure was 99.45 ± 0.55% in the combination-treated group as compared to 46.20 ± 4.10% in the untreated diabetic rats. The combination therapy restored antioxidant status sharply by bringing CAT, SOD, and GSH activities near normal with a concomitant decrease in MDA levels. It also significantly reduced serum levels of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 an indication of lesser oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Conclusion, PRP and nano-Rosella phytosome were linked to enhanced antioxidant status, decreased inflammatory biomarkers, and quicker wound healing. However, tissue-based and molecular studies are needed to establish the underlying local molecular pathways.

Key words: Hibiscus sabdariffa., Nano-phytosome, Diabetic wound healing, Oxidative stress.