E-ISSN 2536-9520 | ISSN 1110-2047
 
2026, Vol: 89
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Original Article
Online Published: 14 Mar 2026
 


Experimental Induction of Retinal Degeneration by Intravitreal Potassium Iodide Injection: Functional and Structural Evaluation Using ERG, OCT, and Histopathology

Rana A. Abdelkhalek, Marwa A. Fouly, Mohamed M. Bahr, Amal E. Ibrahim, Islam Elgohary, Ashraf Shamaa.


Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the retinal effects of intravitreal potassium iodide in a rabbit model and to determine the extent of subsequent functional impairment and structural damage over a defined follow-up period. Twelve adult male New Zealand White rabbits were randomly allocated into two groups. The sham group (GI) received an intravitreal injection of distilled water, while group II (GII) served as the treated group and received intravitreal potassium iodide (KI). Retinal structure and function were assessed at baseline and during follow-up at weeks 2, 4, and 6 by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and electroretinography (ERG). Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA. Histopathological examination was conducted at the end of the experimental period. Rabbits exposed to intravitreal KI showed a progressive decline in ERG responses over time, accompanied by structural retinal damage in which OCT imaging revealed a marked reduction in overall retinal thickness. These findings were supported by histopathological examination and by statistical analysis demonstrating a significant structural and functional decline compared with the sham group. The findings show that intravitreal potassium iodide induces progressive neuroretinal degeneration in rabbits, characterized by functional loss and structural atrophy of the retina. This model is useful for studying iodide-induced retinal neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative changes in vivo.

Key words: Keywords: Potassium-Iodide; intravitreal-injection; neurodegenerative; electroretinography; optical-coherence-tomography


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Abdelkhalek RA, Fouly MA, Bahr MM, Ibrahim AE, Elgohary I, Shamaa A. Experimental Induction of Retinal Degeneration by Intravitreal Potassium Iodide Injection: Functional and Structural Evaluation Using ERG, OCT, and Histopathology. AJVS. 2026; 89(0): 209-216. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311858

Web Style

Abdelkhalek RA, Fouly MA, Bahr MM, Ibrahim AE, Elgohary I, Shamaa A. Experimental Induction of Retinal Degeneration by Intravitreal Potassium Iodide Injection: Functional and Structural Evaluation Using ERG, OCT, and Histopathology. https://www.alexjvs.com/?mno=311858 [Access: April 16, 2026]. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311858

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Abdelkhalek RA, Fouly MA, Bahr MM, Ibrahim AE, Elgohary I, Shamaa A. Experimental Induction of Retinal Degeneration by Intravitreal Potassium Iodide Injection: Functional and Structural Evaluation Using ERG, OCT, and Histopathology. AJVS. 2026; 89(0): 209-216. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311858


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Abdelkhalek RA, Fouly MA, Bahr MM, Ibrahim AE, Elgohary I, Shamaa A. Experimental Induction of Retinal Degeneration by Intravitreal Potassium Iodide Injection: Functional and Structural Evaluation Using ERG, OCT, and Histopathology. AJVS. (2026), [cited April 16, 2026]; 89(0): 209-216. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311858


Harvard Style

Abdelkhalek, R. A., Fouly, . M. A., Bahr, . M. M., Ibrahim, . A. E., Elgohary, . I. & Shamaa, . A. (2026) Experimental Induction of Retinal Degeneration by Intravitreal Potassium Iodide Injection: Functional and Structural Evaluation Using ERG, OCT, and Histopathology. AJVS, 89 (0), 209-216. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311858


Turabian Style

Abdelkhalek, Rana A., Marwa A. Fouly, Mohamed M. Bahr, Amal E. Ibrahim, Islam Elgohary, and Ashraf Shamaa. 2026. Experimental Induction of Retinal Degeneration by Intravitreal Potassium Iodide Injection: Functional and Structural Evaluation Using ERG, OCT, and Histopathology. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 89 (0), 209-216. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311858


Chicago Style

Abdelkhalek, Rana A., Marwa A. Fouly, Mohamed M. Bahr, Amal E. Ibrahim, Islam Elgohary, and Ashraf Shamaa. "Experimental Induction of Retinal Degeneration by Intravitreal Potassium Iodide Injection: Functional and Structural Evaluation Using ERG, OCT, and Histopathology." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 89 (2026), 209-216. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311858


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Abdelkhalek, Rana A., Marwa A. Fouly, Mohamed M. Bahr, Amal E. Ibrahim, Islam Elgohary, and Ashraf Shamaa. "Experimental Induction of Retinal Degeneration by Intravitreal Potassium Iodide Injection: Functional and Structural Evaluation Using ERG, OCT, and Histopathology." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 89.0 (2026), 209-216. Print. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311858


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Abdelkhalek, R. A., Fouly, . M. A., Bahr, . M. M., Ibrahim, . A. E., Elgohary, . I. & Shamaa, . A. (2026) Experimental Induction of Retinal Degeneration by Intravitreal Potassium Iodide Injection: Functional and Structural Evaluation Using ERG, OCT, and Histopathology. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 89 (0), 209-216. doi:10.5455/ajvs.311858




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    The Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences (AJVS) Official Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University   ISSN: 1110-204 ... Read more.



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    Alexandria University
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    Abees 10th district, Alexandria
    Egypt.

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